雌雄异株植物生长释放/抑制判定及其气候解释

利用树轮学方法,以长白山雌雄异株植物红豆杉、山杨和水曲柳为研究对象,通过判定雌雄异株树种生长释放/抑制事件及其与气候因子的关系,以期揭示物种属性和性别因素对树木生长释放/抑制事件的影响及其对气候响应机制的差异性。结果表明:3种雌雄植株的生长释放事件大多发生在幼龄阶段,生理特征差异也可能导致不同雌雄植株发生生长释放事件的时间和频率存在一定差异性。性别因素对山杨和红豆杉雌雄植株的生长释放存在显著影响,山杨雌株和红豆杉雄株对外界环境干扰更为敏感,水曲柳雌雄株对环境干扰的响应差异不明显;山杨更易受到外界环境干扰发生生长释放事件;水曲柳植株发生生长释放/抑制事件可能与林窗干扰有关。红豆杉和山杨的生长释放事件与气候因子具有显著相关关系,红豆杉雄株与温度、降水则存在显著正相关关系(P0.05),山杨雄株与温度、降水则存在显著负相关关系(P0.05),山杨雌株与降水呈显著负相关关系(P0.05),植株的生长释放/抑制事件对气候的响应与树木径向生长--逐月气候因子的关系有所不同。因此应当考虑生长--气候因子之间的非线性关系以及物种和性别因素对生长--气候关系的影响,以期完善植株生长对气候的响应机制。      

提取剂对大蒜鳞茎提取液抑制黄瓜枯萎病的效应

为反映提取剂类型对大蒜鳞茎提取液抑菌能力的影响,用水、乙醇,丙三醇作为大蒜鳞茎杀菌物质的提取剂,采用孢子萌发法对黄瓜镰刀菌枯萎病菌孢子抑杀.研究结果表明,3种提取溶剂制成的大蒜鳞茎提取液对枯萎病菌孢子抑制的EC50值分别为0.2884%、0.2818%和0.2454%,较低的提取液浓度达到了较好的抑菌效果.水、乙醇、丙三醇都可以作为大蒜鳞茎的提取剂,3种提取溶剂的大蒜鳞茎提取液毒力相当,孢子抑制萌发率随着大蒜鳞茎提取液浓度增加而升高.     

pH对洛美沙星与BSA之间结合常数的影响

[目的]研究洛美沙星与血清白蛋白之间的作用,了解药物分子在体内的运输和分布情况。[方法]采用毛细管区带电泳法,通过测定在不同pH值、不同牛血清白蛋白浓度的缓冲溶液条件下药物迁移时间的变化,计算出洛美沙星与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的结合常数（Kb）。[结果]pH分别为6.8,7.4和8.0时,洛美沙星与BSA之间的Kb分别为10.185×1045、.319×1045、.356×104 L/mol。[结论]环境pH对洛美沙星与BSA之间的相互作用有强烈影响,当pH处在6.8～7.4之间时,Kb对pH尤为敏感。     

亚硒酸钠浸种对春小麦种子萌发特性的研究

为研究硒浸种对春小麦种子活力和幼苗生长特性的影响,分别设置0,0.5,1.0,2.5,3.5,5.0,10.0,50.0 mg/L共8个亚硒酸钠溶液浓度,通过发芽试验,比较研究了不同浓度的亚硒酸钠浸种对春小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:随着亚硒酸钠溶液浓度升高,春小麦种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗和根长以及干鲜重等指标均呈先升高后下降的趋势;1.0 mg/L的亚硒酸钠溶液对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长有促进作用;随着亚硒酸钠浓度的升高(≥2.5 mg/L),其各项指标显著下降,并对根和苗的生长表现出抑制作用;因此在实际生产中,掌握合适的硒浸种浓度非常关键.     

丘陵红黄壤区施用399对“一种两收”再生稻根系和产量的影响

[目的]研究399对"一种两收"再生稻的影响。[方法]以适宜丘陵红黄壤种植的丰两优香1号、准两优527、宜优673再生稻品种为材料,分别设置喷施399和不喷施399(CK)2种处理,研究各处理对再生稻根系和产量的影响。[结果]结果表明:施用399使水稻在生育期上延缓成熟,且施后再生稻的总根系数量、白根数量、根鲜重、根干重、根体积大幅度增加,同时在两季总产量上准两优527、丰两优香1号和宜优673品种分别比对照增产6.39%、4.86%、5.94%。[结论]施用399有利于准两优527、丰两优香1号和宜优673再生稻品种再生根的发生。     

The Relationship Between Vegetation Characteristics and Altitudes in Transitional Permafrost Zone in Xidatan,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Many studies showed that permafrost has profound influence on alpine ecosystem. However, former researches were mainly focused on typical points by temporal scales. There were few studies about the correlation between vegetation characteristics and different altitudes covering a large region in spatial pattern, especially in transitional permafrost(TP). There were continuous permafrost(CP) discontinuous permafrost(DCP) and seasonal frozen ground(SFG) in this study region. The types of permafrost changed from SFG to DCP, and finally become CP as the altitudes of Xidatan increase. In this paper, 112 845 points interpreted by HJ1-B(environment and disaster monitoring and prediction small satellite constellation), vegetation investigation points, thawing layer thickness research sites, ground temperature and water content observation plots were used to examine the spatial pattern of vegetation which were located in different altitudes in Xidatan, a typical TP region, in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Vegetation characteristics, soil moisture content(SMC) and thaw depths were collected in 15 August to 25 August2012. Characteristics of vegetation were mainly represented by fractional vegetation cover(FVC) derived from the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), as well as above ground biomass(AGB). In this paper, we analyzed that the distinction of vegetation characteristics in each range through statistics data. These ranges were divided by varied altitudes. For examples, the ranges were divided into 50 m or 100 m. In this study we use a large area plots method to further discuss the relationship between the features of vegetation and the different regions of permafrost based on altitudes shifts in Xidatan. A diagram described the vegetation characteristics variability with rising altitudes in transitional permafrost region was drawn in this paper. Our results illustrated the FVCs first increased in SFG region and then decreased in DCP zone slowly, and in CP region FVCs soared then dropped dramatically. With the altitudes increased, the curve of FVCs indicated a parabolic distribution except a little difference in the first 200 m range.     

不同沙丘下梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)主根周围土壤特征的差异性研究

为探明沙漠建群种植物个体周围土壤养分和盐分空间分布及成因,对艾比湖湖区边缘三种类型沙丘下梭梭主根周围土壤含水量,电导率,全量养分和速效养分的变化进行了研究。结果表明:1固定性沙丘在表层(0~10 cm)处土壤含水量最小,流动性沙丘和半固定性沙丘在浅层(10~20 cm)处最小,以距离主根面3m处表现最为显著(P0.05)。2流动性沙丘和半固定性沙丘土壤有机质和全氮的结构性和空间自相关性均较弱,固定性沙丘养分(全量养分、速效养分)的结构性则较好。3三种沙丘土壤养分的空间分布不均,主要以条状和斑块状分布,整体上呈现出一定的集聚趋势,其中流动性沙丘和固定性沙丘集聚范围在0~2 m圈层,但纵向集聚范围中,流动性沙丘以浅层(10~20 cm),固定性沙丘以较深层(20~40cm)出现集聚,形成"肥岛"。4流动性沙丘土壤电导率对沙丘的影响较其他各特征因子占主导地位,半固定性沙丘和固定性沙丘养分因子占主导地位。     

渔山列岛潮间带大型底栖动物的群落结构

于2009年3月的大潮期间对渔山列岛潮间带布设5个断面,进行大型底栖动物调查。结果表明,该海域潮间带采集到大型底栖动物90种,其中腔肠动物3种,多毛类11种,软体动物45种,甲壳类19种,棘皮动物6种,其它6种。潮间带大型底栖动物总平均生物量5307.06g/m2,总平均丰度为2323.20ind/m2。在各类群底栖动...     

氟磺胺草醚的生物测定方法研究

试验利用对氟磺胺草醚敏感的玉米、向日葵、高粱为指示作物,利用土培法研究了不同条件下,氟磺胺草醚不同浓度对作物的抑制作用,并建立了氟磺胺草醚玉米生物测定方法——玉米株高法.试验结果表明,最佳生物测定条件为在27℃条件下,培养120 h.研究结果对土壤中氟磺胺草醚的快速测定和轮作换茬具有重要意义.     

滨水环境景观设计研究——以湖州太湖旅游度假区为例

湖州市是一座江南古城,有着浓厚的文化底蕴.湖州太湖旅游度假区位于湖州市境内,其区域内河道网络纵横交错,产生了众多的桥梁和滨水地带.为进一步提升湖州滨湖度假区环境品质,增加度假休闲氛围,打造国内一流休闲旅游度假区,现对滨湖休闲景现带的景观设计理念进行研究探讨.